Chesterton kaplan turbine runner blade trunnion split seal. This is a result of the limited access to the runner blade, the required modification of the runner blade to house pressure sensors, as well as the challenges of making measurements from a rotating component of the. These seals provide longlasting sealing and protective. The rbkp runner blade of kaplan turbine in the most important part of a rection turbine in the power generator. Characteristic symbol value net head hn 27,1 m turbine output p 182,8 mw runner blade opening. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel research. Cfd, francis turbine, sediment erosion, efficiency, performance, optimum number of. Failure analysis of a kaplan turbine runner blade by. The development of advanced hydroelectric turbines to improve. Structural analysis on microhydro kaplan turbine blade. A 3d model of the kaplan turbine runner was generated based on the design data. In the new design, the gaps between the blade and the hub were essentially closed by means of a recessed pocket in the hub. This paper deals with the design of the runner blade profile for kaplan turbine. The blades extract the energy of the flowing water and converts into rotational energy and then to electrical energy.
In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. Kaplan turbine is used for high flow rates and low lows. Design and velocity distribution of runner blade of kaplan turbine using cfd computer fluid dynamic for small hydroelectric power plant article pdf available march 2017 with 472 reads. Kaplan turbines under a head of 75 m with 7 runner blades. In order to determine the causes that led to the crack, the authors carried out metallographic investigations on a. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction.
A kaplan turbine designed with a shape factor power specific speed of 3. Paper open access design and velocity distribution of. In hydraulic turbines, the blades are also called as runners which rotates when the fluid flows in the casing and comes in contact with it. Multiobjective shape optimization of runner blade for kaplan turbine. Design calculation of kaplan turbine runner blade for 15kw.
Multiobjective shape optimization of runner blade for. Very simple kaplan turbine design grant ingram 30th january 2007 nomenclature b blade height g gravitational acceleration h head k loss coe. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. In this paper, the runner blades underwent a linear needle closure law and guide vanes operated according to a stageclosing law of first fast. Numerical investigations of flow on the kaplan turbine runner. Pdf design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. The kaplan turbine runner was modelled in a 3d model of blade of kaplan turbine in solid edge software.
Kaplan runner blade with original anticavitation lip the limits of the domain of analysis were defined by the runner chamber surface wall, the rotor surface wall, the inlet and the outlet surfaces of the rotor related to one blade. Also, extensive repair can cause residual stressing in the runner resulting in structural cracking at areas of high stress. About kaplan turbines the kaplan turbine is one of the most commonly used turbines types in hydropower facilities around the globe. Pdf design and velocity distribution of runner blade of kaplan. Tests on prototype turbines showed that good quality of manufacture of the blades is important to obtain high efficiency each.
Functions of spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, blade pitching and draft tube. May 02, 20 with help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. The head ranges from 1070 metres and the output ranges from 5 to 200 mw. The design of runner includes derivation of runner blade profile and solidity. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. The pumping load can also be varied with deriaztype units, which cannot be done with a francis runner. A further advantage of a deriaztype machine is that the runner blades can be closed read more.
Design of the runner of a kaplan turbine for small. The following three following turbines are usually utilized in the modern field of hydropower. However, the exit velocity is axial in kaplan runner, while it is the radial one in all other runners. Numerical analysis of flow in kaplan turbine run ner. Kaplan runner blade trunnion split seal increase turbine reliability, decrease downstream pollution chesterton kaplan runner blade trunnion split seals are high performance lip seals for heavyduty, dynamic rotary and oscillating seal applications in the hydropower industry. Selection of optimal number of francis runner blades for a. Due to its adjustable runner blades this turbine system is most adaptive.
Aug 25, 2019 since it is a reaction turbine, the reaction force of leaving the water is used to turn the runner of the kaplan turbine. Therefore, all the specific features of kaplan turbine are taken into account in the present optimization technique. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. Jul 24, 20 here importance of turbine runner, runner blade shape, spiral casing and draft tube are explained. Further, the runner with blades has better manufacturability than the runner with 17 blades as it has long and highly curved blade with small gaps between the blades, but it comes with 65% more erosion tendency than in the runner with 17 blades. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Effect of solidity on flow pattern in kaplan turbine runner. Paper open access design and velocity distribution of runner. Kaplan turbine in unit 6 with a kaplan turbine with a new runner blade design. It can be divided into five cylindrical segments have been arbitrarily chosen. A kaplan turbine upgrade to new sealing results in zero runner blade leakage for over 4 years.
Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. With help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. The double regulated kaplan turbines can work between 15%and 100% of the maximum design discharge. Runner liftingup during load rejection transients of a kaplan.
The world has a huge potential for small hydro kaplan turbine power plants. It has adjustable blades andor wicket gates single or doubleregulation systems to obtain optimal efficiency in different pressurehead conditions. The parameters shown in table 1 are the main parameters which affect the turbine runner blade shape and efficiency. Evaluation of hydraulic loads on the runner blades of a. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace. Electricity tariff, small hydroelectric power plant, kaplan turbine, runner.
Pdf multiobjective shape optimization of runner blade for. The benefits of this new runner design were examined by estimating the survival probabilities of balloontagged chinook salmon o. In this microhydro, kaplan power plants gain special attention. In order to determine the causes that led to the crack, the authors carried out metallographic investigations on a sample obtained from the damaged blade. Modelling and analysis of a very low head kaplan turbine. Load rejection transient process simulation of a kaplan turbine. The solidity greatly affects the loss and flow characterstics of runner.
As the water flows through the twisted blades, a lift force is generated in the opposite direction of the leaving water and that lift force causes the blades to rotate. The development of advanced hydroelectric turbines to. Pdf failure analysis of a kaplan turbine runner blade by. Apart from the ori ginal version with vertical shaft and inlet spiral case the bulb turbine. In order to carry out a preliminary blade analysis consider a mean radius through the machine. Experimental characterization of pressure fields over kaplan and francis turbines blades is an inherently challenging exercise. Note that this analysis is approximate and is useful for a. Pdf multiobjective shape optimization of runner blade. Unlike standard stack sets, these seals are designed with a positive, flared lip design which enables them to automatically adjust and compensate. Multiobjective shape optimization of runner blade for kaplan. The kaplan turbine runner was modelled in 3d model of runner of kaplan turbine in proe engineer software and after calculating the blade operating conditions from the hydrodynamics properties of the water flow at the jhang branch canal in punperformed analysisjab we on. Finally, a comparison of the optimised and theoretical design is presented. Propeller and kaplan turbines california institute of. Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine.
Outlet draft tube outlet runner inlet runner outlet guide vane inlet guide vane. Its shaft is connected to the shaft of the generator. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. A kaplan turbine with adjustable runner blades andadjustable guide vanes is double regulated while one withonly adjustable runner blades is single regulated. Most powerful and largest kaplan turbines of their time with an output of 35 mw and a runner diameter of 7 m. Kaplan, the turbine designer, presented a variation of conformal mapping. Hydrodynamic calculus of the flow in turbine inlet, turbine. The trailing side of the blade extends progressively inwardly and with a progressively increasing distance from the touching line on. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. Runner is the rotating part of the turbine or we can say that it is the heart of the kaplan turbine. Kaplan hydro turbine is axial overpressure water turbine, which has a radial inflow, outflow, however axial. For this purpose, it was chosen the operating point of the turbine having the characteristics shown in table 1. The runner blades in the kaplan turbine are less in number as the blades are twisted and covers a larger circumference.
For a wide range of flow rate is achieved a very good yields, even more than 92%. While shaft is connecting medium between the blades and the generator which rotates when th. The runner of the this turbine has a large boss on which its blades are attached and the the blades of the runner is adjustable to an optimum angle of attack for maximum power output. The runner, which is responsible of the conversion of hydraulic energy to mechanical energy, is the most vulnerable component since it is exposed to the load due the water pressure. The vertical configuration of the kaplan turbine allows for larger runner diameters above 10 m and increased unit power, as compared to bulb turbines. This short note indicates how a preliminary design of an axail. Although this study used a fixedblade kaplan turbine. This subassembly is borne on the hub by an outer bush and an inner one. Numerical analysis of flow in kaplan turbine run ner blades. To maximize equipment life and to maintain high availability and good operating. The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. A blade for a kaplan turbine has substantially linear touching lines for contacting, in the closed position of the guide blade array, adjacent guide blades, the contact lines being linear or curved and running generally parallel to the pivot axis of the blade. After calculating the blade operating conditions from municipality overhead tank of a building, the hydrodynamics analysis properties were performed on runner blade in ansys 14.
Very simple kaplan turbine design durham university. With a double regulation system, kaplan turbines provide high efficiency over a broad range of configurations. The turbine runner has a complex geometry which is affected by several design parameters. Pdf procedures for designing runner of kaplan water turbine based on the specific conditions in the water potential of the area to be placed. Pdf design and velocity distribution of runner blade of. What is the difference between runner and shaft in. Here importance of turbine runner, runner blade shape, spiral casing and draft tube are explained. Our kaplan turbines also keep the environment in mind. Numerical investigations of flow on the kaplan turbine. Major component of kaplan turbine are spiral casing, guide vane mechanism, and runner. Kaplan turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine and has adjustable blades if water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft, the turbine is known as the axial flow turbine and if the head of the inlet of the turbine is the sum of pressure energy and kinetic energy during the flow of water through a runner a part of pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the.
Its invention allowed efficient power production in lowhead applications which was not possible with francis turbines. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Failure analysis of a kaplan turbine runner blade by metallographic and numerical methods. A turbine, where the water pressure applies a force on the face of the runner blade is called a reaction turbine. The basic construction is the spaces of the runner are divided into several segments. The runner is the heart of turbine and its design has vital effects on overall performance of turbine. Position of shaft francis turbine generally vertical but some time horizontal also, and kaplan turbines are only vertical position. Since it is a reaction turbine, the reaction force of leaving the water is used to turn the runner of the kaplan turbine. Experimental pressure measurements on hydropower turbine. Licentiate thesis an experimental investigation of flow. This reaction type propeller turbine is an evolution of the francis turbine. Kaplan turbine runner model and corresponding prototype, submitted to journal of hydraulic. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines. The energy hits the runner in a form of a highspeed jet.
Pumped storage allow ready adjustment of the runnerblade angles to match the opposite requirements of pumping and power generation. The turbine is single regulated kaplan turbine with runner diameter 560 mm, hub diameter is 220 mm, and net power capacity is 15 kw. Chestertons kaplan turbine runner blade trunnion split seal has a pin and lock design that keeps the turbine motion from pulling the split seal apart and also uses load pressure to join cut ends. The method is successfully applied to runner design of several vertical and horizontalshaft kaplan turbines with different heads. The paper presents the results of the failure analysis of a kaplan turbine runner blade from a hydropower station in romania. Design and simulation with cfd of 10 kw kaplan turbine for. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. The kaplan turbine runner was modelled in 3d model of runner of kaplan turbine in proe engineer software and after calculating the blade operating conditions from the hydrodynamics properties of the water flow at the jhang branch canal in punperformed analysisjab we on runner blade in ansys 14 software.